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The Jesuit insist on little savage girl slaves

FRENCH HISTORY 1660-1662

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1655  

Twenty two marriages, eighty one births and nineteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.

Claude Dablon (1618-1697) a Jesuit arrived as a missionary to the Onondaga near Syracuse, New York.

Captain Jean Baptiste Ekhinechkaouat (Metis?) became ill in the woods and was near death when the Jugglers (Medicine Man) using herbal medicine cured him.  The Jesuits consider all Jugglers as evil.

(I)-Emmanuel Le Borgue (1610-1675) departed Acadia broke and left his son (II)-Alexandre Le Borgue (1640-1693) to attempt in the recovery of the family estate.  Alexandre never amounted to much as he was too fond of the wine.

Captain Noel Tecouerimat (Metis?) is at Saint Joseph of Sillery, Kebec.

Captain Paul Tessouehat (Metis?), the famous one eyed Captain of the Algonquins is on the Island.

(I)-Pierre Thibodeau, b-1630, France, arrived Acadia 1650's, married 1660 Acadia (II)-Jeanne Theriault, b-1744, family settled at Pre Ronge, Acadia.

d'Apprendestiguy de Martignon, a Basque, married 1655 Pentagouet, Acadia (II)-Jeanne de Saint-Etienne de la Tour, Metis, b-1625 Acadia daughter (II)-Charles (Turgis) de Saint-Etinne de la Tour (1595-1665) and Louise a Micmac woman.

A band of Iroquois wintered near Three Rivers among a band of Algonquin, and no disagreement was found between the two Nations.  The widows and girls of the Algonquin were allowed to marry the Iroquois.  The Iroquois by custom would join the Algonquin culture.

An Englishman noted that slaves are sold from one to another, in New France, as we do sheep.

The Iroquois delivered some of the little girl slaves, as requested by the Jesuits.  The Jesuits say the little girl slaves are for the Ursuline Mothers to work in their house of charity.  They hope to make so many Christians of them.  The life expectancy of the little girls is not long.  The Jesuits must have been aware that the Iroquois would have to raid their neighbors to acquire these little girl slaves.  This would then lead to war between the two peoples.

The Jesuits consider the Savages God Manitou (Great Spirit) as a demon.  This is tantamount to the Savages calling Jesus a demon. 

Kebec, a fleet of 6 ships sent, three are lost, the Petit Francois at 50 tonnage is lost to the Spanish with captain P. Delafond, the Chat Bouque taken by the English, a Dutch ship was lost at sea.  The Colombe Mouillee and the Patriarche Abraham arrived Kebec. 

January 7:  Kebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Prevost, Metis, died April 1, 1661,  Kebec, daughter (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620 

April 12.  Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Jean Aubuchon dit L'Esperance under contract of marriage September 19, 1654 Trois Riviers, married (II)-Marguerite Sedilot, Metis? daughter (I)-Louis Sedilot (1660-1672) and Marie Charter, likely a sauagesse 2,nd marriage Marie Grimoult  

April 27:  Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Pierre Chapiteau b-1605 killed by the Iroquois.

May 20:  Jean Liegeois, a lay brother, is killed by the Hiroquois at Fort Sillery.

June 2:  Quebec, birth, (II)-Laurent Tessier, Metis, died September 27, 1687, Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); married October 20, 1681 Quebec Genevieve Lemire. 

September 19:   Fathers Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot and Claude Dablon (1619-1697) departed Quebec to establish a mission in Onondaga country.

November 3:   The Treaty of Westminster, England restored Acadia to France.

1656  

Twenty six marriages, eighty four births and twenty two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.

Five ships sailed from France to Kebec this year.  One was captured by the English, one was captured by the Spaniards and one was lost at sea.  The other two arrived and departed in safety.

An Iroquois raid in 1655 and a fire this year finished the Indian reserve experiment at Sillery, and by 1663, French settlers would occupy this land.   The Dutch Iroquois (the Agnieronnons) were attacking the French everywhere killing and being killed.

Zacharie Dupuy (1608-1676), Commandant of Quebec, established a post at Syracuse, N.Y.

(I)-Charles de Lauzon de Charny is appointed the Commandant General (interim Governor) of New France from September 1656 to September 18, 1657.

Garreau is killed near Fort Ville-Marie (Montreal); shot through the spine.

Kabec, 6 ships arrived, the Rene at 80 tonnage, the Taureau at 150 tonnage captain Rlie Tadourneau, the Fortune at 100 tonnage captain Elie Raymont, the Saint Sebastin captain Guillaume and Jean Poulet and 2 unknown ships.

February 22:  The Jesuits condemn the Savages for believing their dreams.  They have a special festival for what the Jesuits call the 'demon of dreams'.  They also call it the festival of fools, or the carnival of wicked Christians.  The Savages call it the Honnonouaroria.  The Jesuits do not consider the French masqueraders carnival in Europe as evil.  If we follow their logic the dreams of the Jesuit fathers, that they call visions, are therefore 'demon dreams'.

May 2:  Bourdon weighted anchor at Quebec for a voyage to the north.

May 6:  The Onontaeronons killed a cow belonging to Pierre Bival (the Swiss).  He fired a swivel-gun at the Onontaeronons, but without effect.  They also killed a sow with farrow, belonging to the same man.

March 23:  Lamote and Tieri were condemned by the Gentlemen of the Council to pay a fine of 500 livres each, for having sold goods at a higher price than the tariff.

March 31:  Monsieur the Abbe said in sermon that it was a mortal sin to sell brandy to the Savages.  He had previously said it was not a mortal sin.

April 7:  Ste Genevieve, Montreal, birth (V)-Louis Plouf, Metis, son (IV)-Maurice Plouf and (V)-Marie Francois, Metis, b-1730.

April 11:  Contract written for (I)-Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) and thirty others to travel to Quebec.  The contract was written by a tabellion (notary) Sea Cherbonnier.  The contract for 3 years included Nicolas Millet, Joachin Martin, Jean Rabourin, Pierre Menard, known as Saintonge.  It was Mer. Francois Peron, ship-owner and owner of the ship Bull on which this group took to the sea.  The ship Bull was 150 barrels and its master was E. Tadourneau arriving Quebec in summer of 1656. 

June 13:  Three French, Adrien Joliet, Fouquet and Christophle are captured by the Iroquois at the First River.

August 11:  Bourdon returned to Kebec from his northern voyage.  The two Huron's, whom he had taken with him, were killed by the Savages, and a Frenchman was wounded. 

September 3:  The elders of the Onnontage were informed that if they wanted the French to dwell amongst them, as they requested, they must provide little girls to be placed with the Ursuline Mothers.  The savages loved their children and the only way they could obtain slave children for the Church is to raid their neighbors.  It is hard to accept that alleged civilized Christian peoples could rationalize child slavery.

September 20:   Cromwell granted Acadia to (II)-Charles La Tour(1595-1665) who sold the rights to Thomas Temple (1614-1674) and William Crowne (1617-1682) in return for five percent of the products.

November:  De la Poterie opened a trading post at Trois Rivieres; trading wine for beaver believing this would regulate the sale of liquor.  The Savages do not amend their conduct, and complaints are made against the tavern.  The Jesuits requested that the Governor not allow this practice.  (I)-Louis D'Ailleboust de Couconge et d'Argentenay (1612-1660) governor of all Canada, decides that the tavern must be closed, according to the Jesuit records.  The alleged decree did not force him to close down.

November 20:  A Dutchman (Otsirdiakhon) from New Holland visited Three Rivers to provide safe conduct to the Agnieronon peace team who returned 7 French prisoners and requested release of their prisoners.  The terms of peace include they bring little girls as slaves for the Church.  The French must have realized the savages love their children and would not give them up for slavery.  They would be forced to conduct slave raids or continue warring with the French.

November 27:  Ville-Marie (Montreal), marriage (II)-Laurent Archambault, (Metis?) b-1644, son (I)-Jacques Archambault (1604-1688), and Francloise Toureau, sauvageese, (1600-1663); married November 27, 1656, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Gilles Lauzon.

1657  

Twenty two marriages, eighty three births and thirty two deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.

The mission Ste. Anne de Beaupre de la Province de Quebec 35 km east Quebec city is established this year.  Etienne Lessard, one of the first settlers, ceded some land for the construction of the first wooded chapel in 1658.

Twenty two marriages, eighty three births and thirty two deaths are recorded in New France.

Pierre Esprit Radisson (1636-1710) joins the Jesuit Mission to the Onondaga (1657-1658) and increases his knowledge of Indian life.

In France:  When a father gives a daughter in marriage, he allows her a dowry;  Among the Savages, it is given to the girls father.

In France:  The Man usually takes to his house the woman whom he married;  Among the Savages, the man goes to the woman's house to dwell.

In France:  If anyone fall into a fit of anger, or harbor some evil purpose, or meditate some harm, he is reviled, threatened, and punished;  The Savages gives him presents, to soothe his ill-humor, cure his mental ailment and put good thoughts into his head.

In France:  A workman does not expect pay until he completes his task;  The Savage ask for it in advance.

In France:  We are not very well pleased to see snow or hail fall;  The Savage leap for joy as it falls.

In France:  The dead are buried with the least possible clothing:  The Savages dress the dead in their finest and include their favorite possessions.

In some parts of France:  The dead are buried with their head turned towards the east;  The Savages make them face the west.

November 30: in the long point of Coste de Beaupre, Nicolas Maquart conceded in Jean Baptiste Halle a ground of 3 arpents by a a126 arpents depth, located between Jacques Vauclin and grounds not yet conceded on the territory which is now that of the Guardian Angel.  This is two years before (I)- Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) and Jacques Jacquereau entrusted this ground to Jacques Vezina by contract.

(I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?) returned to Fort Quebec, having left in 1654 to make direct trading contact with the Ojibwa and Fox.  He had passed south west of Lake Superior to the upper Mississippi.  His objective was to bypass the Ottawa in trade and explore the south to curtail the westward expansion of the thirteen colonies.  The mission of the Mountain of Ville-Marie (Montreal), at this time, contained one hundred and sixty able bodied men.  A third of them married, and a census taken in 1665 showed a jump to five hundred and twenty five and, two years later, seven hundred and sixty six.  The Mohawk attacked the Island of Orleans and carried off eighty prisoners who were under the protection of the French.  Many prisoners are women, and they ransacked the houses in Quebec.  The people huddled in the Fort and not a shot was fired in defense of the Wendat who are under the protection of the French.  The Sulpician, a religious order, began working in the colony this year.  Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson is appointed Governor New France from July 11, 1658 to August 30, 1661.  King Louis XIV prohibited the sale of liquor to Indians in New France.  The King assigned Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) as the first Bishop of New France.  The Iroquois renewed their war with the French to stop the flow of furs to the mission of the Mountain of Montreal.  About 100 settlers are killed by the Iroquois in the St. Lawrence River Valley.

The Sulpicians, a religious order, began working the New France Colony, thereby breaking the Jesuit monopoly.  These Sulpitians directed the religious affairs of Ville-Marie (Montreal) thereby replacing the Jesuits in this settlement.

The French are aware that there are four routes to the North Sea, Tadoussac, Three Rivers, Nipisiriniens and via the Great Sault (Lake Superior).  The standard of the day in map making is the distance is reckoned as 15 leagues per day going down-stream and 7-8 leagues per day going up-stream.  One league=3 miles.  The basis of most French maps are Savage reports, Coureurs des Bois and Metis reports and they measured distance by days traveled to reach various destinations.

January 26:   (I)-Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson (1612-1660) is appointed interim Governor of New France from September 18, 1657 (January 11, 1658) to July 11, 1658 (August 30, 1661).

January 30:  Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Cunegonde Gervaise, Metis, died April 27, 1715,  Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter  (I)- Jean Gervaise, procureur fiscal (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis b-1621, died July 30, 1699 Ville-Marie (Montreal); married January 14, 1676 Ville-Marie (Montreal) (I)-Jean Baptiste Lefebvre b-1651. 

April 16:  Trois Rivieres, Quebec, marriage, (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, b-1624, a Coureur de Bois,  a soldier and interpreter, he died April 1690, St. Francois du Lac.  He married April 16, 1657, Trois Rivieres, Quebec, Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (1631-1699) an Algonquine, she 1st married 1645 Assababich b-1620 and they had two children.

March 7:   King Louis XIV prohibited the sale of liquor to the Indians in New France.

April 16:  Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur b-1624, (died August 6, 1665?, or April 5, 1690?), Trois Rivieres son (I)-Nicolas Couc dit Lafleur (1600-1675) and Elisabeth Templair; married, Marie Mite8ameg8k8e, Algonquine sauvagesse b-1631, died January 8, 1699 Trois Rivieres.  Marie 1st married 1645 Assababich b-1620 and they had two children; Catherine Couque, b-1747 and Pierre Couque baptised May 6, 1650 and father listed as Pierre Deschamps.

April 16:  Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Pierre Coug dit Lafleur, b-1624 married Marie Mite8ameg8k8e sauvagesse, b-1631, died August 6, 1665 Trois Rivieres

May 27:  Kabec,  the ship Vierge arrives with captain Fabien Madot 

June 22:  Kabec the ship Taureau at 150 tonnage with gunner Jean Denilt and sailor Jean Riat, captain Elie Tadourneau.

July 14:  Trois Riviers, Quebec, birth (III)-Jeanne Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, killed October 23, 1679, Trois Rivieres, daughter (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur, (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699).  Jeanne was murdered by Jean Rattier duBuisson, on October 23, 1679, who was never punished.

July 29:   Fathers Gabriel Thubieres de Levy de Queylus (1622-1677), Gabriel Souart (1611-1691), Dominique Galinier and Antoine d'Allet (1634-1693) arrived in Quebec to found a seminary in Ville-Marie (Montreal).

August 20:  Kabec, the ship Armes d'Amsterdam at 250 tonnage arrives with captain Jacob Gilles, the Saint Sebastien captain Guillaume and Jean Poulet and at least one ship unknamed..

August 21:  Three Frenchmen are killed at Ville-Marie (Montreal) by the Onneiotchronnons (Iroquois).  Dailleboust ordered the imprisonment of all Iroquois at Ville-Marie (Montreal), Three Rivers and Quebec.  Some 50-60 Savages are placed in irons.  In retaliation;  Three French are captured at Three Rivers in plain view of everyone.  At Quebec the Iroquois appeared in the fields killing the farmers and pounced upon the Alconquin women, killing them, taking some away as prisoners, who were later recovered by the pursuing French, Huron's and Algonquin's.  The French alone in this pursuit numbered 200.

September 12:   Temple and Crowne agree to divide Acadia.  Thomas Temple (1614-1674) received the area from Lunenburg, Acadia ( Nova Scotia) to the St. George River, Maine.

September 13:   Louis d'Aillebout de Coulonge is appointed administrator of New France from September 13 to July 10, 1658.

October 15:  Kebec, birth (II)-Antoine Prevost, Metis, died March 16, 1662,  Kebec, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611- 1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre Manitouabewich, Huron or Algonquin, b-1620 

December 10:   (I)-Emmanuel Le Borgne (1610-1675) is appointed Governor of Acadia, which is still occupied by the English.  This is likely an error as he only spent two years in Acadia 1653-1655 and was not a nice person and lacked the influence or capital for such a position.  He died broke at Larochelle, France.

1658  

Thirty five marriages, ninety births and eighteen deaths are recorded in Kebec, New France.

The population of Port Royal, Acadia is no more than 250 souls.

(I)-Father Claude Jean Allouez (1622-1689) arrived Kebec.

Claude Dablon (1618-1697) a Jesuit and French settlers near Syracuse, New York fled to Canada to avoid massacre.

(I)-Pierre You, sieur De la Decouverte b-1658, died August 28, 1718, Ville-Marie (Montreal) married likely 1693 Ville-Marie (Montreal) to Elisabeth Sauvagesse Miami.

An order from the French King forbid the people of New France to leave the colony without the Governors permission in the form of a permit.  Until this time, 50% of the indentured French returned to France after their indenture was complete.  A permit is issued only to those who have a wife and children and considerable property, to return to France to conduct business.  The three year indenture to New France became a life sentence.  In effect, these French Canadians are no longer citizens of France.  

(I)-Pierre de Voyer Vicomte d'Argenson (1625-1709) became Governor of New France on July 11, 1658 to August 31, 1661.  It is said that he spent half his time defending New France from the Iroquois and the other half defending New France from the Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), who it was said "listened to no one" (Bishop Quebec 1659-1688) and the Jesuits.  Lavel was a political appointment to undermine the Governors of New France in an attempt for the Jesuits to regain control.  He urged a monopoly control over the fur trade and an increased agrarian population, but his advice was not heeded 

The thirty years religious war had ended in Europe.  Absolutism of one king, one faith and one law in France entrenched rather than used the promised tolerance.  Religious tolerance, abolishment of witch hunts and inquisition persecution, is promised.  The peasant population, especially the Protestants, continue to be harassed, and there are higher taxes to pay for the war.  The people could see no immediate relief to their misery.

The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), was made Apostolic Vicar in New France.  He came under the direct authority of the Roman Papacy and not under the authority of the French Crown.   Last year, the Sulpicians had taken over the parish of Ville-Marie (Montreal) and became seigneurs of the island.  Within a few months they were feuding bitterly with the Jesuits and with Bishop Laval, after he arrived, over ecclesiastical jurisdiction.  To complicate matters, the divided clergy was in bitter opposition with the Governor and merchants.  New France was being torn apart, and they appealed to the French Crown to resolve their issues.

Kebec, 5 ships arrived, the Saint Joseph at 350 tonnage captain Fabien Marot, the Taureau at 150 tonnage captain Elie Tadourneau, the Prince Guillaume at 200 tonnage captain Jacques Jamain, the Saint Sebastien captain Guillaume et Jean Poulet and the Sacrifice d'Abraham at 300 tonnage pilopt Pierre Boileau and captain Elie Raymond.

April:  The people of Beaupre request an inquiry concerning the life and morals of  Father Vaillant of Cote de Beaupre.   Father Vaillant counter charged the people of Beaupre as calumniators (slanders).  Eighty-three witnesses are called, and Father Vaillant is condemned and ordered to pay costs.

(II)-Alexander Le Borgne (1640-1693) moved to Le Heve that was burned by his father in 1653 and recently abandoned by the English.  Thomas Temple from Boston moved against Le Heve and captured Borgne and sent him to England and prison.

June 1:   (I)-Pierre Esprit Radisson (1640-1710) and (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1695/98) depart Quebec for Lake Superior and beyond, to visit the Dakota Sioux.

July 7:  Quebec, (I)- Louis Guerineau aka Garnaud (1634-1698) joined with Jacques Jacquereau to purchase a concession in Coste de Beaupre later called Guardian Angel

August 10:   Construction of Hotel Dieu in Quebec is completed.

September 29:   Marguerite Bourgeoys and Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) departed Ville-Marie (Montreal) for France to recruit young girls to be teachers.

1659  

Thirty six marriages, ninety one births and thirty one deaths are recorded in New France.

Records indicate 36 marriages, 91 births, 31 deaths and 60 excedant (single?) in Kebec, New France.  The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), appealed to King Louis XIV to send troops to defeat the Iroquois barbarians.

(II)-Jean Baptiste Prevost, Metis, b-1659, died May 12, 1737, St. Augustin, son (I)-Martin Prevost, (1611-1691) and Marie Oliver Sylvestre, Sauvagesse, (1626-1665): married 1st. August 18, 1683, Quebec, (II)-Marie Anne Giroux, b-1607 daughter (I)-Toussaint Giroux: married 2nd February 3, 1712, Ste Foye, (III)-Genevieve Sedilot, daughter (II)-Jean Sedilot.
 
(I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?) ventured among the Wendat to persuade them to bring more pelts down the St. Lawrence River.  In the Green Bay area, he heard stories of much untouched beaver, north of Lake Superior to the inland sea (Bay of the North or Hudson Bay).

Cap Breton, Acadia is commanded by Monsieur Denis.

Pierre Esprit Radisson (1636-1710) is taken on an unlicensed fur trading expedition to Lake Superior and Michigan by his half sister's husband, Medard Chouart des Grosseilliers.  He learns, at this time, of the Bay of the North (Hudson Bay).

French in small boat.
Many small boats were being used on the St Lawrence River.

(I)-Louis Garnault is born 1641 in Grimaudiere, France.  The location of Grimaudiere is about five miles from Mirebeau, the district of Leveche de Poitiers (Vienne).  He is the son of Pierre Garnault and Jeanne Barrault.  He immigrated to New France under the name of Louis Garnaud.  He was probably a Protestant and indentured for thirty-six months.  La Rochelle, France is the most probable departure point to New France.  La Rochelle is a sordid city because of its crowded and shabby streets, packed tightly about the waterfront.  He probably arrived the summer of this year, maybe June1659.

Three ships arrived this year at Fort Quebec;

    Saint-Andre- at 300 tonnnage with Captain Guillaume Poulet. Garneau not listed this ship.
    Prince Guillaume- at 200 tonnage with Captain Guillaume Heurtin
    Sacrifice dAbraham- at 300 tonnage with Captain Isaie Guyesmeux

The accomplishments of the Jesuit missionaries from 1625 to 1659 are, to say the least, minor.  The failure of their mission is more than compensated for by their activities as secular colonial agents.

Three Frenchmen are killed by the Iroquois at Ville-Marie (Montreal).

March 6:  Ste Genevieve, Montreal, birth (V)-Marie Angelique Plouf, Metis, Daughter  (IV)-Maurice Plouf and (V)-Marie Francois, Metis, b-1730.

May:  Monsieur de la Citiere, L'Archevesque and Herosme upset a canoe returning from the Island of Orleans in heavy gale. Two Alguonquins, Jean de Noyon, a Jesuit domestic, departed Three Rivers on an embassy to Agnie, with Tigarihogen, 4 freed Iroquois Kebec prisoners, and three ambassadors from Oneiout.

May 5:  Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Jeanne Gervaise, Metis, daughter  (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621-1699); married January 17, 1678, Ville-Marie (Montreal), Jean Dupuis.

June:   LaRose says the 'Flemish Bastard' is leading five Iroquois canoes to make war on the French.

June 16:   The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), arrived in Quebec.  It is more than ten years before Quebec would be made an Episcopal Sea with the Jesuit Bishop Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708) as the first Bishop (1674).  The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), moved into a tiny two-story stone house, twenty by thirty feet in size and shared with three priests, a valet-cook and a gardener.  Bishop Laval's mission is to assert the supremacy of Church over State. 

July 8:   Monsieur St. Denis departed Kebec for Tadousac by canoe. Antoine des Rosiers escaped from the Onontageronons, Iroquois near Lake Ontario, and arrived at Three Rivers.

August:   Lespine set out from Kebec to hunt for seals at Isle Rouge.  He would return in September with 220 seals. Sieur Maheu had, this month, set out from Kebec for the cod fishery at Isle Percee. This month 54 livres of beaver skins were stolen from the warehouse at Kebec.

August 1:  Thirty three canoes of the Attikameg and Piskatang arrived to trade from inland, and 6 canoes of Sault (Ojibwa).  They asked for some French to join them on their return home. 

August 6:   Six canoes of the Nation of Sault (Ojibwa) arrived at Three Rivers, traveling inland routes, and had taken five months to trade. They requested some Frenchmen accompany them on their return.

August 10:  Three Rivers, Marie Sauvahesse a slave of Joseph Claude Boucher of Niverville, Three Rivers being harassed by wife and his/her mother a Marguerite Chastelin attacked the older woman with a knife.  The slave retreated to the attic and hung herself.. 

September:   L'Epine, a Frenchman, is killed at Three Rivers by the Iroquois. Monsieur Denis Mill on Cap Diamans began to grind grain. The ship St. Andre arrived at Kebec with 130 passengers.  9-10 died during the passage of contagious fever. The contagion was passed to those in the settlement and some died.

September 7:   Marguerite Bourgeoys and Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) arrived at the Mission of the Mountain of Montreal with 62 men and 47 women settlers, to establish the congregation of Notre Dame.

September 12:   Guillaume Routier is taken captive by the Iroquois while fishing eels at Cap Rouge.

November 4:  Quebec, marriage (II)-Pierre Pinguet dit La Glardiere b-1630, died April 22, 1704 Ste Foye, Quebec son (I)-Louise Henri Pinguet; married (II)-Anne Chevalier, Metis, daughter (I)-Charles Chevalier who arrived 1645 Trois Rivieres married a sauvagesse but not named.

November 27:  Trois Tivieres, Quebec, birth, (II)-Louis Lafleur dit Couc, Metis, voyageur, he was assassinated in 1709, going to Albany, son (II)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1690) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699); 1st married 1681/3, Madeleine Sacokie, (Marie Sauvagesse); 2nd marriage January 7, 1687 St. Francois-du-Lac, Yamaska, Quebec Jeanne Quiquetig8k8e or Ouigatigocon, b-1656.

December:   The Governor and Bishop of New France are in a childish struggle as to who has the higher place at social functions. They even squabble over who should be incensed first at Holy Mass.

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