A Guide to Understanding the John Barrett Notes
By John
C. Winn
Beatles
scholars are pretty spoiled, on the whole. Besides hundreds of hours of audio and video
bootlegs to study, we have Mark Lewisohn's excellent research into the group's recording
activities. His RECORDING SESSIONS book is unparalleled, containing the details of every
session the group is known to have held. Lewisohn listened to every existing tape and
conducted interviews with dozens of participants, but without the work of Abbey Road
engineer John Barrett, none of it may have happened. Barrett preceded Lewisohn into the
vault, and his complete catalog of Beatles tape boxes provided a foundation from which
Lewisohn could work. And now we're fortunate enough to have the entire set of Barrett
notes to pore over, thanks to bootleggers.
I was so excited to receive these notes I deluded myself
into typing them all into my computer so I could analyze the contents and share them with
the world at large. The meat of this website will be Barrett's work; think of my added
comments as mere gravy. I have done a lot of listening, research, and head-scratching, but
it's unlikely I've gotten everything right. Any differing opinions would be welcomed!
It took me awhile to decipher Barrett's system of notation,
but I believe I've pretty much cracked his code. It would probably be best to study these
few examples and the explanations which follow before diving into the notes themselves.
SAMPLE ENTRIES:
| TL12736 |
S |
From Me To You (7XCE
17329) |
|
11 Apr 1963 |
|
|
Thank You Girl (7XCE
17330) |
|
|
| [E49937] |
A |
She Loves You |
|
4 Jul 1963 |
|
|
I'll Get You |
|
|
|
|
Job No. M273/3PMS |
|
|
| [E50189] |
2T |
Please Mr. Postman
(TK1-TK2) |
b |
30 Jul 1963 |
|
|
(SI TK3) |
|
|
|
|
(TK4-TK7) |
b |
|
|
|
(SI
TK8-TK9) |
B |
|
|
|
It Won't Be Long (TK1-TK6) |
|
|
COLUMN 1 contains the tape number as
cataloged in EMI's archives. The most common prefix (E) probably refers to Emitape, the
in-house brand of recording tape used at Abbey Road Studios. Tapes from sessions at other
studios generally have the generic prefix (AR), which probably stands for Abbey Road.
Barrett usually noted the name of each non-EMI studio beneath the tape number.
A master tape compilation used to master a single, EP, or LP
has the prefix (TL), perhaps an abbreviation for "title". Master tapes usually
consisted of the final mono or stereo mixes of every song on that record, spliced together
from various mix reels.
The original Barrett notes contained a sixth column, headed
"ELSTREE NO." - this number (which can be seen scrawled on many of the tape
boxes reproduced in Lewisohn's books) presumably refers to the tape's current location in
the tape library (Beatles tapes are no longer housed at Abbey Road itself). Since the
actual numbers are of no use to anyone outside of the library, I've omitted them; however
all tapes without an Elstree # have brackets surrounding their number (for example
[E60016]). This is important information, because it shows us which tapes are still in
existence and which have been destroyed or lost. In some cases, Barrett noted the dates
(mostly in 1966) when the tape was scrapped; in all other cases, the most we can assume is
that the tape was missing as of 1982 and may have since been discovered from where it was
misplaced.
Thus, in the above example, we can see that the master reel
for the "From Me To You" single still exists, while the mono mix tape of
"She Loves You" and session tape of "Please Mr. Postman" probably do
not.
COLUMN 2 tells us what type of multi-track tape is used: twin-track (2T), four-track (4T),
eight-track (8T), and even three-track (3T) or twenty-four track (24T) in rare cases.
For mixdown tapes, the symbol A (actually a Delta or
triangle in Barrett's notes) indicates monophonic, Z indicates stereophonic, and Q
indicates quadrophonic. For most mix tapes, Barrett also added the notation (remix), and
occasionally added other comments such as (1/2") indicating a half-inch tape width.
For master tapes, this column indicates the type of release,
(S) for single, (EP) for extended play, and (LP) for long-playing record.
COLUMN 3 lists the song titles contained on each tape, with take numbers (TK), or mono
(RM) or stereo (RS) mix numbers in parentheses. Various notes on the recordings are also
found here, such as (O/D) for overdubs or (SI) for superimposition (these terms are
synonymous). Tape reductions are notated with something similar to (4T-4T), which
indicates that another four-track tape was copied over onto three or fewer tracks of this
new four-track tape to make room for further overdubs.
Tapes that were copied for various people, as well as songs
that were excised from the tape for inclusion on a master reel, are often noted here. Many
of the earlier recordings are keyed to "Job Numbers", which were probably for
accounting purposes and merely indicated the overall project with which the session was
connected.
Master tapes have the single, EP, or LP titles followed by
matrix numbers in parentheses. Singles and EP's matrices begin with (7) to indicate a
7-inch disc. (XCE) is used for mono singles, (YCE) for stereo singles (only a couple of
these), and (TCE) for EP's. (XEX) indicates a mono LP, and (YEX) its stereo counterpart.
COLUMN 4 shows which takes or mixes were considered "best" from a particular
session. (B) usually indicates the final take used for mixing, or the final mix used for
mastering, although this doesn't always hold true. Barrett used a crossed out
"B" to signify a temporary "best" take or mix; I have replaced that
with a lowercase (b). Occasionally, an M (or m) is used in place of B, but the meaning is
the same.
The "best" take or mix is the last one
numerically, unless otherwise noted (for example with a (TK5) next to the B), or unless
two or more takes or mixes were to be edited together, usually noted with (ED).
COLUMN 5 has the dates of each recording or mix session, including sessions for overdubs.
Master tapes usually have the record's release date in this column, but in later years
this is often replaced by an earlier date, probably when the master tape for that release
was completed.
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS:
2T - Twin-track (or two-track) recording tape; used from the beginning through "WITH
THE BEATLES"
3T - Three-track recording tape; used only for the "HOLLYWOOD BOWL" album
4T - Four-track recording tape; used from "I Want To Hold Your Hand" through
"THE BEATLES" and occasionally thereafter
8T - Eight-track recording tape; used from "THE BEATLES" through "LET IT
BE"
24T - Twenty-four track recording tape; used only for the "HOLLYWOOD BOWL" album
A - Monophonic mix tape
AR - Tape prefix; used for tapes recorded at studios other than Abbey Road
b - Temporary "best" take or mix, either rejected or later improved upon
B - Final "best" take used for mixing or "best" mix used for release
E - Tape prefix; used for tapes recorded at Abbey Road
ED - Editing or splicing of the tape itself or of one or more tapes together
EP - A 7-inch 45 RPM extended play record, usually with two songs per side
LP - A 12-inch 33 RPM long-playing record album
O/D - An overdub, adding new sound to an existing tape
Q - Quadrophonic mix tape; only used for a rejected release of "SGT. PEPPER"
RM - Remix from multitrack to monaural
RS - Remix from multitrack to stereo
S - A 7-inch 45 RPM single record, with one song per side
SI - Superimposition (see O/D)
TK - Take; a discrete attempt at recording a song, including false starts, breakdowns, and
completed takes
Z - Stereophonic mix tape
RECORDING SESSION TAPES are noted in BLUE
REMIX TAPES are noted in GREEN
MASTER TAPES are noted in YELLOW
(this is my own system of
color-coding and probably doesn't correspond to Barrett's. I say "probably"
because I only have a black and white photocopy of his notes)
OTHER NOTES:
I have tried to reproduce Barrett's handwritten notes as accurately as possible, right
down to incorrect or misspelled song titles. I left out some extraneous or redundant
information. Some of the writing was hard to decipher, and I had to make an educated guess
here and there. Any information which conflicts with details given in Lewisohn or with
other known facts is noted.
Enough already! Let
me see 1962-1963!
© 2000 by John
C. Winn. |
|